Zotsatirazi zamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chitchaina pomasulira makina popanda kusintha.
Kumasulira Chijapani m’Chitchainizi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zimavuta kwambiri pa ntchito yomasulira, makamaka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa chinenero, chikhalidwe, ndi galamala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yomasulira ikhale yovuta. Mu kumasulira kwa Chijapani, pali zovuta zambiri zomwe omasulira achi China nthawi zambiri amakumana nazo panthawi yomasulira, makamaka ponena za kusiyana kwa galamala, kusankha mawu, ulemu, ndi mawu olankhula. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zovuta zomasulirazi ndikupereka mayankho ofananira.
1. Kusiyana kwa Grammar ya Chijapani
Kusiyana kwa galamala pakati pa Chijapani ndi Chitchaina ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zomwe zimafala pakumasulira. Kapangidwe ka ziganizo m'Chijapani nthawi zambiri amakhala mu dongosolo la "mutu+object+predicate", pomwe m'Chitchaina amakhala osinthika, makamaka m'chilankhulidwe cholankhulidwa, pomwe malo a predicate amatha kusintha malinga ndi nkhani yake. Kuphatikiza apo, Chijapani amagwiritsa ntchito tinthu ting'onoting'ono kusonyeza maubwenzi a galamala, pamene Chitchaina amagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya mawu ndi mawu ogwira ntchito (monga "de", "lai", ndi zina zotero) kuti asonyeze maubwenzi a galamala. Yankho: Pomasulira, chinthu choyamba ndicho kumasulira ziganizo za Chijapanizi, kumvetsa mmene galamala imagwiritsidwira ntchito pagawo lililonse, kenako n’kupanga masinthidwe oyenera malinga ndi malamulo a galamala a Chitchaina. Mwachitsanzo, m'Chijapani, "が" kapena "は" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolembera mutu, ndipo pomasulira, mutuwu ukhoza kuganiziridwa kuchokera kumutuwu ndipo chiganizocho chikhoza kusinthidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ziganizo zotembenuzidwa wamba kapena ziganizo zokhala ndi mitu yosiyidwa mu Chijapanizi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kapena kulembedwanso molingana ndi zizolowezi zaku China.
2. Zovuta pakusankha mawu
Mawu ena achijapani alibe mawu ofanana achi China, zomwe zimapangitsa kusankha mawu kukhala kovuta kwambiri pakumasulira. Mwachitsanzo, liwu la Chijapani loti "おরれ様" liribe liwu lofanana kwenikweni mu Chitchaina. Ngakhale litha kumasuliridwa kuti' hard work 'kapena' wagwira ntchito molimbika ', nkhani ndi mafotokozedwe a ziwirizi sizikugwirizana kwathunthu. Yankho: Mukapeza mawu osagwirizana mwachindunji, omasulira ayenera kusintha moyenerera malinga ndi nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo, pa mawu monga' exhausted ', njira zosiyanasiyana zomasulira zingasankhidwe potengera momwe mawu ake amakhalira. Kuwonjezera apo, pa mawu ena okhala ndi makhalidwe a chikhalidwe, matembenuzidwe ofotokozera angasankhidwe, kapena masentensi owonjezera okhala ndi mafotokozedwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti oŵerenga chinenero chimene akumasulirawo amvetse.
3, Kumasulira kwachilankhulo cholemekezeka komanso chodzichepetsa
Ulemu ndi kudzichepetsa ndizofunikira zilankhulo mu Chijapanizi, pomwe palibe mawu ofanana mu Chitchaina. Choncho, kumasulira mawu aulemu ndi odzichepetsa m’Chijapanizi m’Chitchaina n’kovuta kwambiri pomasulira. M'Chijapani, mawu olemekezeka samangowonekera m'mawu osinthika, komanso m'mawu enaake ndi masentensi monga "ございます" ndi "おっしいる", zomwe zimafuna chidwi chapadera. Yankho: Pomasulira mawu olemekezeka m’Chijapanizi, omasulira ayenera kuganizira katchulidwe ka mawu komanso chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina. Pazochitika zovomerezeka, munthu akhoza kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu aulemu monga "inu", "gui", ndi zina zotero; M'malo omveka bwino, mawu aulemu angasiyidwe moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, maulemu ena mu Chijapanizi amatha kuperekedwa kudzera mukusintha kamvekedwe, monga "おっし동る" zomwe zitha kumasuliridwa kuti "kunena" ndikupereka ulemu kudzera munkhani.
4, Kusiyidwa chodabwitsa mu Japanese
M'Chijapani, zigawo zina za ziganizo nthawi zambiri sizimachotsedwa, makamaka m'chinenero cholankhulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chijapani, mutu wa “きまか?” nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa, ndipo "きまか?" lingathe kumasuliridwa kuti "pita?", koma gawo losiyidwa nthawi zambiri limayenera kufotokozedwa m'Chitchaina. Chochitika chosiyidwachi chimafuna kuti omasulira afotokoze mbali zomwe zasiyidwa malinga ndi nkhaniyo. Yankho: Pomasulira, m'pofunika kuwonjezera zigawo zomwe zasiyidwa kutengera nkhani ndi nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chijapani, mutu wa “きまか?” sichimatchulidwa m'chinenero cholankhulidwa, koma pamene amamasuliridwa m'Chitchaina, mitu monga "inu" kapena "ife" iyenera kuwonjezeredwa malinga ndi momwe zilili kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti ziganizo zikhale zowona komanso zomveka bwino.
5, Chikoka cha Kusiyana kwa Zikhalidwe pa Kumasulira
Zikhalidwe za Chijapanizi ndi Chitchaina ndizosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mawu kapena zizolowezi zina zifanane mwachindunji pakumasulira. Makamaka pankhani ya miyambo, miyambo, ndi kakhalidwe ka anthu, kumasulira kungafunike kusintha chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chijapanizi, “いただきます” ndi “ごちそうさました” alibe mawu ofanana m'Chitchaina, kotero kusiyana kwa zikhalidwe kuyenera kuganiziridwa pomasulira. Yankho: Zikatere, omasulira ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Pamawu okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe, kumasulira kotengera chikhalidwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, kapena kumasulira kowonjezera kutha kuperekedwa kuti athandize owerenga chilankhulo kumvetsetsa. Mwachitsanzo, “いただ〚す” angatanthauzidwe kuti “Ndayamba kudya”, pomwe “っちそうした” angatanthauzidwe kuti “Zikomo chifukwa chochereza” ndi mawu ofotokozera kapena mafotokozedwe oyenera.
6, Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi ma adverbs mu Chijapani
Pali mawu ambiri amalingaliro ndi ma adverbs mu Chijapani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza malingaliro, malingaliro, kapena kamvekedwe ka wokamba. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti ndi ma adverbs nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi mawu ofanana achi China. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chijapanizi, tinthu ting'onoting'ono monga "ね", "よ", ndi "かな" sizikhala ndi tinthu tating'ono chimodzimodzi m'Chitchaina. Yankho: Mukamamasulira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ofananirako m'Chitchaina malinga ndi zosowa za nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo, "ね" angatanthauzidwe kuti "ba" kapena "kulondola", ndipo "よ" angatanthauzidwe kuti "o" kapena "ah". Kusankha mawu amvekedwe oyenerera mogwirizana ndi mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo kungateteze kamvekedwe ka mawu a m’mawu oyambirira pamene kumapangitsa kuti omasulirawo akhale omveka bwino.
7. Kusamalira ziganizo zazitali komanso zophatikiza
Mipangidwe ya ziganizo zazitali komanso zophatikizana m'Chijapanizi nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwa omasulira momwe angamasulire ziganizo. M'Chijapani, ziganizo zophatikizana zimagwirizanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za ziganizo kupyolera mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi togwirizanitsa, pamene mu Chitchaina, ziganizo zazitali zimafuna kusintha ziganizo kuti zifotokoze momveka bwino. Yankho: Pa ziganizo zovuta za Chijapanizi zazitali kapena zophatikizana, omasulira amatha kuwamasulira molingana ndi matanthauzo ake ndikuwasandutsa masentensi angapo afupiafupi kuti agwirizane ndi katchulidwe ka Chitchaina. Kuonjezera apo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku maubwenzi pakati pa zigawo za chiganizo chilichonse kuti tipewe mavuto amalingaliro osadziwika bwino kapena mawu olakwika pomasulira.
8, Chidule
Kumasulira Chijapani kupita ku Chitchaina ndi njira yovuta yomwe imaphatikizapo zovuta zosiyanasiyana monga kusiyana kwa galamala, kusankha mawu, ulemu, ndi kuyankhula pakamwa. Kupyolera mu kusanthula mozama kwa zovuta zomasulirazi, zitha kupezeka kuti pali njira zothetsera vuto lililonse. Omasulira ayenera kukhala ndi maziko olimba a chinenero, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chinenero, ndiponso kugwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kuti amalize bwino ntchito yomasulira kuchokera ku Chijapanizi kupita ku Chitchaina. Pomasulira Chijapanizi, kuthetsa mavutowa sikungowonjezera kulondola komanso kumveka bwino kwa kumasulira, komanso kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsana ndi kulankhulana pakati pa zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe ziwirizi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-24-2025