Zolemba zotsatirazi zimamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chitchaina cha Chinese ndi Makina Omasulira popanda kusintha.
Kuyanjana kwa makampani a chilankhulo cha ku America (Alc) ndi mabungwe opanga mafakitale malinga ndi United States. Mamembala a mayanjano amakhala makamaka mabizinesi omwe amapereka matembenuzidwe, kutanthauzira, kumangidwa, ndi ntchito zamaphunziro. Alc makamaka amalimbitsa misonkhano chaka chilichonse kuti azilankhula m'malo mwa mitu yosiyanasiyana monga mabizinesi, kuwongolera bizinesi, komanso kukonza nthumwi zomasulira ku America ku Lobby Congress. Kuphatikiza pa kuyitanira makalata opanga mafakitale, msonkhano wapachaka udzakonzanso makampani oyang'anira mabungwe kapena akatswiri ophunzitsira atsogoleri ndi ena omwe sanali olankhula nawo pachaka, ndikumasula lipoti la makampani apadziko lonse lapansi.
Munkhaniyi, tikupereka mbiri ya lipoti la zaka 2023alc (lotulutsidwa mu Seputembara 2023, ndipo ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a makampani a Alc ndi oposa 70% osinthana ndi bizinesi yotanthauzira ku China ndi United States. Tikukhulupiriranso kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya mayiko ena kuti titulutse yade yathu.
一, lipoti la Alc limapereka ziwerengero zazikulu za data kuchokera 14 mbali zomwe titchule ndikufanizira imodzi ndi imodzi:
1. Mtundu wa Bizinesi
Kufanana pakati pa China ndi United States:
1S Oposa theka la makampani amapereka ntchito za Media, kuphatikizapo kulembedwa, kudzutsa, mawu apansi, ndi kuwononga.
2) Wogula: Ngakhale kuti oposa awiri mwa anzake aku America amagwira ntchito zamalamulo, 15% okha omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati gwero lawo loyambirira. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamalamulo zimabalalika kwambiri, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zosowa zosafunikira kwakanthawi ndi otsika kuposa kukhwima kwapakati pa zomasulira. Kuphatikiza apo, oposa theka la anzawo aku America amapereka chithandizo cha zilankhulo popanga zopanga, kutsatsa, ndi mabungwe digito. Mabungwewa amakhala ogwiritsa ntchito pakati pa makampani othandizira a chilankhulo komanso ogula ochokera m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. M'zaka zaposachedwa, udindo ndi maudindo a zilankhulo zakhala zopanda kanthu: Mabungwe ena a kulenga amapereka ntchito zolankhula chilankhulo, pomwe ena amakulitsa m'gawo la zinthu zolengedwa. Pakadali pano, 95% ya anzawo aku America amapereka magwiridwe a zilankhulo za anzanu, ndipo kugula m'makampani awa amayendetsedwa ndi maubale othandiza.
Makhalidwe ali pamwambawa ndi ofanana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri ku China. Mwachitsanzo, m'mabizinesi aposachedwa amakumana ndi mlandu womwe kasitomala wamkulu yemwe adatumikira kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa zinthu zonse, kapangidwe kake, makanema, komanso mabizinesi ena ofananira. Ophunzira omwe anali olengeza anali makamaka makampani otsatsa, ndipo wotsatsa wopambanitsa adakhala kontrakitala wamkulu wazikhalidwe. Ntchito yomasulira idachitikanso ndi kontrakitala wamkuluyo, kapena kumaliza kapena subcontract ndi inu nokha. Mwanjira imeneyi, monga Wopereka Ntchito Yoyambirira Yomasulira, Kupanga Kutanthauzira Kumasulira kwa Ntchito Yomasulira Ndi Kupanga Kontrakitala wamkulu momwe angathere, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuti muchepetse mzerewo ndikukhala kontrakitala wamba.
Pankhani ya mgwirizano wa anzanu, gawo linalo ku China silikudziwika, koma lotsimikiza kuti lakhala lothandiza kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, kukhazikitsa unyolo wina, kukhazikitsa unyolo wosinthika, ndikugaya mphamvu yopanga, ndi zabwino zambiri. Mayanjano okondweretsa omwe amapezanso mwachinsinsi amapangitsanso malingaliro ena othandiza pankhaniyi.
Kusiyana pakati pa China ndi United States:
1) Kukula kwapadziko lonse: Ambiri mwa anzathu omwe timakumana nawo amatulutsa ndalama zomwe ali nazo m'magulu apanyumba, koma m'modzi m'magulu atatu aliwonse ali ndi maofesi m'maiko awiri kapena kupitilira apo. Zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu aku America ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa chathu, komwe kumakhudzana ndi maubwino ake pamalo, chilankhulo, komanso kufanana kwa chikhalidwe. Amalowa m'misika yatsopano kudzera pakukula kwa mayiko ena, kupeza zamisirizi, kapena kukhazikitsa malo opangira otsika mtengo.
Poyerekeza ndi izi, kuchuluka kwa anthu omasulira ku China kumatsika kwambiri kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, ndi makampani ochepa okha omwe akupita padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera pa milandu yopambanayi, imatha kuwoneka kuti ndi oyang'anira bizinesi omwe amafunikira kutuluka poyamba. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana m'misika yakunja, khalani ndi magulu ogwiritsira ntchito m'deralo m'deralo, ndipo gwirizanitsa chikhalidwe cha kampani, makamaka kugulitsa ndi malonda, mu msika wam'deralo kuti mugwire ntchito yabwino. Zachidziwikire kuti makampani sapita kunja chifukwa chopita padziko lonse lapansi, koma ayenera kuganizira chifukwa chake akufuna kupita padziko lonse lapansi komanso cholinga chawo? Kodi tingapite kunyanja? Kodi luso lalikulu kwambiri ndi lotani? Kenako pakubwera funso la momwe angapite kunyanja.
Mofananamo, makampani omasuliridwa ndi nyumba ndi omasulira nawonso amagwiritsanso ntchito potenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano ya za per. Kutenga nawo mbali kwa olankhula ndi gala / Alc / LocWold / Elia alinso pafupipafupi, ndipo sawona kukhalapo kwa anzanu. Momwe mungalimbikitsire mawu onse a China M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri timawona makampani omasulira a Argentina ochokera kutali ndi misonkhano yapadziko lonse. Samangotenga nawo mbali pamsonkhanowu komanso amawoneka ngati chithunzi chofanana ndi wopereka chilankhulo chaku South America ku Spain. Amasewera maubale ena pamsonkhanowu, amakhala mumlengalenga, ndikupanga mtundu wophatikizika, womwe ndi woyenera kuphunzira kuchokera.
2) Wogula: Magulu a Makasitomala atatu apamwamba a Revenue ku United States ndi gawo laumoyo, komanso mabungwe aboma, ndi maphunziro azaka zomasulira ku China).
Opereka Zaumoyo (kuphatikiza zipatala, makampani a inshuwaransi, ndi zipatala) ndiye gwero la ndalama zoposa 50% ya anzawo aku America, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omveka aku America. Pamtunda wapadziko lonse lapansi, United States ili ndi ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndalama zosakanikirana ndi ndalama zaboma ku United States, kugwiritsa ntchito ziwonetsero zamisonkhano kumachokera ku zipatala zapakhomo, makampani azaumoyo, ndi zipatala, komanso mapulogalamu aboma. Makampani othandizira azilankhulo amatenga mbali yothandiza othandizira azaumoyo ndikuwonetsa mapulani oyenera. Malinga ndi malamulo azamalamulo, mapulani ogwiritsira ntchito chilankhulo ndi ovomerezeka kuti atsimikizire kuti odwala omwe ali ndi luso lochepa la Chingerezi (lep) ali ndi mwayi wofikira ku zamankhwala apamwamba kwambiri.
Ubwino wa zomwe zili pamwambazi pamwambapa sizingafanane kapena kulinganiza. Koma msika waku China umakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe ake. M'zaka zaposachedwa, boma linali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi aku China omwe amapita kumayiko ena abweretsa kumasulira kwa China kapena Chingerezi kupita ku zilankhulo zochepa. Zachidziwikire, ngati mukufuna kutenga nawo mbali ndikukhala wosewera woyenera, zimayambitsanso zofunikira kwambiri pa mabizinesi athu otanthauzira ntchito zothandizira ndi kuthekera kwa polojekiti.
3) Ntchito Zothandiza: Pafupifupi theka la abwenzi athu aku America amapereka ntchito zachilankhulo; 20% yamakampani imapereka kuyesa kwa chilankhulo (kuphatikiza kuwunika kwa chilankhulo); 15% yamakampani imapereka maphunziro a chilankhulo (makamaka pa intaneti).
Palibe deta yofananira yomwe yapezeka pandekha pa zomwe zili pamwambapa, koma kuchokera pamalingaliro anzeru, gawo la United States liyenera kukhala lokwera kuposa China. Wopambana Wopambana kwa Ntchito Zamanja Zam'nyumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala sukulu yapadera kapena kampani yaukadaulo ya ma netiweki, ndipo mosavuta kapena kampani yomasulira. Palinso makampani ochepa omasulira omwe amayesedwa oyeserera ndi maphunziro ngati malo awo a bizinesi.
2. Malingaliro
Ambiri odziwa chidwi kwambiri aku America amayang'ana "ndalama zambiri" monga cholinga chake chachikulu kwa 2023, pomwe magawo atatu atatu a makampani amasankha kuchepetsa ndalama.
Pankhani ya njira yoyendetsera ntchito, theka la makampani achulukitsa ntchito zawo zaka zitatu zapitazi, koma pali makampani ochepa omwe akukonzekera kuwonjezera ntchito zawo zaka zitatu zotsatira. Ntchito zomwe zachulukitsa kwambiri ndikuphunzira, pa tsamba la subtitle Kukula kwa ntchito kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kasitomala. Pankhani imeneyi, zikufanana ndi zomwe zili ku China. Makampani ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha Chinese alabadira pakufunikira kwa msika m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo kuchepetsedwa ndi mtengo ndizofanananso ndi mitu yamuyaya.
Pakadali pano, m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, anzanu ambiri am'nyumba akhala akukambirana zokonza, kaya akukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito kapena kukulira molunjika. Mwachitsanzo, makampani omasulira omwe amathandiza pakumasulira patenti akuwonjezera mawonekedwe awo ku mbali zina za ntchito za patent ntchito; Kuchita zomasulira pagalimoto ndikutola nzeru pamakampani agalimoto; Translate zolemba zotsatsa kuti zithandizire makasitomala kufalitsa ndi kukhalabe otsatsa maimelo; Ndimaperekanso chosindikizira chosindikizira komanso ntchito zosindikiza zosindikiza zomasulira zikalata zosindikizidwa; Omwe amagwira ntchito ngati misonkhano yamisonkhano ndiomwe ali ndi udindo pazinthu zosiyanasiyana pogulitsa kapena zomangamanga pa intaneti; Pomwe akuchita matembenuzidwe a Webusayiti, chitani seo ndi semu, ndi zina zotero. Zachidziwikire, kusintha kulikonse kumafuna kufufuza ndipo sikophweka, ndipo padzakhala zovuta zina pakuyesera. Komabe, bola ngati njira yabwino imasinthira pambuyo popanga chisankho pambuyo popanga chisankho, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kupirira movutikira. M'zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu, pang'onopang'ono matembenuzidwe adayikapo minda yofuula ndi zinthu zowonjezera zilankhulo, ma Parants, masewera apaintaneti ndi zina zojambula, etc.). Nthawi yomweyo, wapanganso zopwirika zolimba muukadaulo mu msika wolankhulana. Mukamachita bwino kutanthauzira kwa mitundu yomasulira, yalembanso zolemba zomwe zimawonjezereka (monga kugulitsa mfundo, zowongolera zopangira, zopangira, zoterezi), kukwaniritsa zabwino.
Pankhani ya mpikisano, anzanu aku America amalingalira magulu akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali amwalage akulu, monga anlmwalide, miyala yaphiri, mabere, otulutsa ma raws, etc; Ku China, chifukwa chosiyana ndi makasitomala pakati pa makampani apadziko lonse lapansi ndi makampani omasulira a komweko, pamakhala mpikisano wamba. Mpikisano wa anzanga wa anzawo amachokera pampikisano wamtengo pakati pamakampani omasulira, okhala ndi makampani ochepa ndi makampani akuluakulu okhala ndi mpikisano waukulu, makamaka polowerera ntchito.
Pakhala pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa China ndi United States mogwirizana ndi kuphatikiza ndi kupeza. Zochita zambiri komanso zopeza za anzawo aku America zimakhazikika, osagula mosalekeza kufunafuna mwayi ndi ogulitsa mwachangu kapena kudikirira mwayi wogulitsa kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi manambala. Ku China, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ndalama, kuyenera kuvuta kuwerengetsa bwino; Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha abwana kukhala wogulitsa kwambiri, pakhoza kukhala zoopsa zosamutsa makasitomala asanaphatikizidwe kale komanso pambuyo poti kampaniyo isintha m'manja. Kuphatikizika ndi zopeza sizofanana.
3. Mtumiki
Kutanthauzira kwa Makina (MT) amatengedwa kwambiri ndi anzawo ku United States. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa MT pakampani nthawi zambiri kumasankha komanso kuweta, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana kungakhudze zoopsa zake ndi mapindu ake. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a America amapereka makina omasulira makina osintha (PEMT) monga ntchito kwa makasitomala awo, koma a TEP amapitilira ntchito yosinthira kwambiri. Mukamapanga zisankho pakati pa mitundu itatu yopanga yamalamulo, makina oyera, ndi kusintha kwamakina ndi kusintha kwa makasitomala ndikosavuta kwambiri.
Pankhani ya kutanthauzira, msika wa US wadutsa zosintha kwambiri. Pafupifupi magawo atatu a anthu omasulira ku America amapereka matanthauzidwe apakanema akutali (VIRI) ndi kutanthauzira kwa telefoni (Opi), ndipo pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu amapereka nthawi imodzi (RRI). Magawo atatu akuluakulu opereka chithandizo chautumiki wa kutanthauzira ndi kumasulira kwathanzi, kutanthauzira kwa Bibi, komanso kutanthauzira kwalamulo. A Ri akuwoneka kuti ali ndi msika wokulirapo ku United States. Ngakhale nsanja za Rindi pamakhala makampani makamaka a tekinoloje, mipweya yambiri tsopano imapereka mwayi wopeza ntchito zotanthauzira kudzera mkati mwa / kapena mgwirizano ndi makampani othandizira a zilankhulo. Kuphatikizidwa mwachindunji kwa nsanja za riski zokhala ndi zigawo zamisonkhano ya pa intaneti monga zoom ndi nsanja zina za kasitomala zimaperekanso makampani awa pamalo abwino omasulira makampani omasulira. Zachidziwikire, pulatifomu ya Ri Iyo imawonekanso ndi anzanu ambiri aku America ngati wopikisana naye mwachindunji. Ngakhale Rsindi ali ndi mapindu ambiri posinthasinthasintha, zimabweretsanso zovuta, kuphatikizapo machenjerero, mawu omvera, omvera deta, ndi zina zambiri.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zimakhala ndi zofanana komanso kusiyana ku China, monga RRI. Kutanthauzira kwa machesikechina kunakhazikitsa mgwirizano wamakono ndi kampani yapulatifomu chisanachitike. Mu mliri, nsanja iyi inali ndi bizinesi yambiri yokha, koma itatha, misonkhano yambiri ndi misonkhano yambiri inayambiranso pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yochokera pansi. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku malingaliro a zolumikizira monga momwe amathandizira, kumaona kuti kufunikira kwa kutanthauzira kwa malo kwapezeka kwambiri kwachulukanso, koma Riyo wakana kukhala wofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa opi pafoni kuli kale pamsika waku China kuposa ku United States, monga momwe malo ogwiritsira ntchito ku United States ndi azachipatala, omwe akusowa ku China.
Potengera matembenuzidwe amakina, makina omasulira makina osinthira (Pemt) ndi nthiti ya nkhuku mu ntchito zomwe zili ndi makampani omasulira apakhomo. Makasitomala sakonda kusankha, ndipo zomwe akufuna zochulukirapo ndizofanana komanso kuthamanga mwachangu kwa kumasulira kwa anthu pamtengo pafupi ndi kumasulira kwa makina. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito matembenuzidwe amakina kumawonekanso kotheka pakupanga makampani omasulira opanga, ngakhale sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ayi, tiyenera kupereka makasitomala oyenerera komanso mitengo yotsika mtengo. Zachidziwikire, palinso makasitomala omwe amapereka kwa malamulo omasulira makina a makina ndikupempha makampani omasulira omwe akuwunikanso pamaziko awa. Kuzindikira kwa matembenuzidwe aku Steratechina ndikuti mtundu wa makinawo omwe amaperekedwa ndi makasitomala ali kutali ndi zomwe makasitomala akuyembekezera, ndipo kuwerenga mawu kumafunikira kulowererapo, nthawi zambiri kuposa kukula kwa pemt. Komabe, mtengo woperekedwa ndi makasitomala ali wotsika kwambiri kuposa wotanthauzira mabuku.
4. Kukula ndi Kochuluka
Ngakhale panali zosatsimikizika ndale zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kukhazikika kumeneku kukugwirizana ndi zinthu zingapo zazikulu: makampani a makampani othandizira a chilankhulo amachokera m'minda yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imapangitsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kosintha kampaniyo; Tekinologini monga mawu omasulira, matembenuzidwe amakina, nsanja yotanthauzira zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa mabizinesi okwanira madera osiyanasiyana, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito milandu yamisonkhano ikupitilirabe; Nthawi yomweyo, makampani azachipatala komanso madipatimenti aboma ku United States akupitilizabe kufalitsa ndalama zokhudzana; Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi luso laulemu lachingerezi (lep) ku United States nthawi zambiri amakula, ndipo kulimbikira malamulo olepheretsa chilankhulo chikuwonjezekanso.
Mu 2022, anyamata aku America nthawi zambiri amakhala opindulitsa, ndi malire a chizolowezi chambiri pakati pa 29% ndi 43%, ndi maphunziro a chilankhulo kukhala ndi malire apamwamba kwambiri (43%). Komabe, poyerekeza ndi chaka cham'mbuyomu, madera a matembenuzidwe omasulira ndi matanthauzidwe achepa. Ngakhale makampani ambiri achulukitsa zolemba zawo kwa makasitomala, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito (makamaka ndalama) kumakhalabe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza phindu la ntchito ziwirizi.
Ku China, zonse, ndalama za makampani omasulira zilinso pa 2022. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa maxi akulu, tinganene kuti ndi ofanana ndi anzawo aku America. Komabe, kusiyana kwake ndikuti malinga ndi mawu, makamaka pa ntchito zazikulu, mawuwo ndi otsika. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chofunikira chokhudza phindu si chiwonjezeko cha ndalama zogwirira ntchito, koma kutsika kwa mtengo wochititsidwa ndi mpikisano wamtengo. Chifukwa chake, pamkhalidwe momwe mtengo wa ntchito sudzachepetsedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito matekitilo monga luntha lotanthauza kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kuwonjezera kuchitika kovuta.
5. Mitengo
Mu msika waku US, mawu oti omasulira, kusintha, komanso kuwerengera (tep) kwachuluka ndi 2% mpaka 9%. Ripoti la Alc limaphimba mitengo yomasulira ya Chingerezi 11 Mtengo wa Median mu Chingerezi ndi madola 0,23 US patsiku, wokhala ndi mtengo pakati pa mtengo wotsika wa 0.10 ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa 0.31; Mtengo wa Median mu English English English Translation ndi 0,24, ndi mtengo pakati pa 0,20 ndi 0.31.
Anzanu aku America nthawi zambiri amanena kuti "makasitomala akuyembekeza kuti zida zanzeru ndi za MT zitha kuchepetsa mtengo, koma sizingakule muyezo wa 100%.". Mitengo ya Pemt nthawi zambiri imakhala 20% mpaka 35% yotsika kuposa ntchito zomasulira. Ngakhale Mawu mwa mawu amtengo wapatali amalamulirabe makampani a chilankhulo, kugwiritsa ntchito pemt tsopano kwakhala kayendetsedwe ka makampani ena kuti ayambitse mitundu ina yamtengo wapatali.
Potengera kutanthauzira, kuchuluka kwa ntchito mu 2022 kwachuluka poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kunali ku Tsamba la msonkhano wa pa intaneti, ndi OPI, Vri, ndi Rierges Rungers onse ochulukirachulukira 7% mpaka 9%.
Poyerekeza ndi makampani omasulira am'nyumba ku China siabwino kwambiri. Mokakamizidwa ndi chuma cha chuma, kugwedeza mwaluso monga luntha lanzeru, kuwongolera mtengo wa chipani cha chipani, mitengo yamatembenuzidwe omwe sanawonjezere, makamaka m'mabuku omasulira.
6. Tekinoloje
1) Chida cha TMM / Cat: Memoq ikutsogolera, ndi opitilira 50% ya anzanu aku America pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja iyi, kenako Rwstrados. Inlomeyo ndi nsanja yotanthauzira yotanthauzira, pafupifupi 30% ya makampani olemba malipoti pogwiritsa ntchito, kusamalira, kapena kupereka chithandizo. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a makampani oyeserera a chilankhulo amagwiritsa ntchito zoom kuti apereke ntchito zoyeserera. Posankha zomasulira makina, Amazon ndi omwe amasankhidwa kwambiri, kenako ali ndi Alibaba ndikugwedeza, kenako Google.
Zinthu ku China ndi zofanana, zosankha zosiyanasiyana zamakina omasulira Makina, komanso malonda ochokera kumakampani akulu monga Baiduo ndi Udao, komanso ma injini omasulira. Pakati pa anzawo, kupatula pogwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe ama makina potengera makampani, makampani ambiri amadalira njira zomasulira zachikhalidwe. Komabe, makampani ena omasulira okhala ndi mwayi wamphamvu kapena kuyang'ana gawo linalake layambanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womasulira wamakina. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito injini zomasulira zomwe mwina zimagulidwa kapena kubwereka ku zipani zachitatu koma zimaphunzitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Corpus yawo.
2) Chithunzi chachikulu cha chilankhulo (llm): ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakina, komanso zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake. Ku United States, makampani ogwirira ntchito a chilankhulo amagwirabe ntchito mogwirizana ndi zilankhulo zakale pamlingo waukulu. Maudindo awo amaphatikizapo Misonkhano Yogula Zofunikira kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilankhulo, ndikumanga mlatho pakati pa ntchito zomwe nzeru zanzeru zimatha kupereka ndi ntchito makampani makasitomala omwe amafunikira kuti akwaniritse. Komabe, pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zokumba mu makonjedwe pamayendedwe pano kuli ponseponse. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a America sanagwiritse ntchito luntha lamphamvu kuti athandizire kapena kuwongolera. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga ngati njira yoyendetsera ntchito ndi kudzera mu AI idathandizira chilengedwe. 10% yokha ya makampani amagwiritsa ntchito luso la kusanthula kwa magwero; Pafupifupi 10% ya makampani amagwiritsa ntchito luntha lopanga kuti athe kutanthauzira; Makampani osakwana 5% amagwiritsa ntchito luso lochita kupanga kapena kutanthauzira pantchito yawo. Komabe, anzanu ambiri aku America amamvetsetsa bwino LLM, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a makampani akuyesa milandu yoyeserera.
Pankhani imeneyi, pa chiyambi, anzanu ambiri sanathe kuphatikiza zinthu zazikuluzikulu zachilankhulo zochokera kunja, monga Chatgpt, mu ntchito yolojekiti chifukwa cha zofooka zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, amangogwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi ngati funso lanzeru komanso yankho. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, zinthu izi sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma injini omasulira, koma aphatikizidwanso bwino maudindo ena monga kuwunika kopukutira ndi kumasulira. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana za ma llms zimatha kusungidwa kuti zithandizire kwambiri pokonzekera ntchito. Ndikofunika kutchulapo kuti, yoyendetsedwa ndi zinthu zakunja, zopangidwa bwino za LLM zayambanso. Komabe, kutengera mayankho akukono, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zinthu zapakhomo ndi anthu achilendo, koma timakhulupirira kuti padzakhala zopukutira zachiphunzitso zina zam'tsogolo kuti zisapendeke.
3) 3 Zinthu zaku China ndi zofanana, chitukuko chachikulu pamatekinologilologies monga kuzindikiridwa polankhula komanso kulembedwa kokha kwaposachedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizichepetsa mtengo komanso kusintha kwa mtengo. Zachidziwikire, kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi matekinoloje ndi kufunika kowonjezereka, makasitomala amangofuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa mkati mwa ndalama zochepa, ndipo opereka ukadaulo akuyesetsa kukulitsa mayankho abwino.
4) Pakuphatikizika kwa ntchito zomasulira, ma tm amatha kuphatikiza ndi nsanja zosiyanasiyana monga makasitomala CMS (madambo oyang'anira mitambo) ndi laibulale ya famu yamoto; Pankhani ya matanthauzidwe, zida zosinthira zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi makasitomala akutali azowonjezera zamisonkhano komanso nsanja ya maphunziro pa intaneti. Mtengo wokhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa kungakhale pamwamba, koma kuphatikiza mwachindunji ndi njira yothetsera makina muukadaulo wa kasitomala zachilengedwe, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika. Oposa theka la anzanu aku America amakhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mpikisano ukhale wopilira, pafupifupi 60% ya makampani olandila makonjengedwe omasulira. Pankhani ya matebulo ambiri, makampani ambiri amatengera njira yogula, ndi 35% ya makampani omwe amatsatira njira yosakanizidwa ya "kugula ndi nyumba".
Ku China, mabuku akuluakulu akuluakulu kapena am'deralo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nsanja zophatikizira zogwiritsira ntchito mkati, ndipo ena amathanso kuzima. Kuphatikiza apo, opereka tekinoloje a gulu lachitatu akhazikitsanso zinthu zawo zomwe zimaphatikizidwa, amphaka, mt, ndi llm. Mwa kubwezeretsanso njirayi ndikuphatikiza nzeru zanzeru ndi matembenuzidwe a anthu, tikufuna kuti apange gulu lanzeru kwambiri. Izi zimaikanso zofunikira zatsopano kapangidwe ka maluso a maluso a chilankhulo. M'tsogolo, makampani omasulira adzaona zambiri zophatikizira makina a anthu, zomwe zimawonetsa kufunikira kwa makampani kuti chitukuko chanzeru komanso mwaulemu. Omasulira amafunika kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito maluso anzeru komanso azodzitaka zokha zosintha mamasulidwe onse ndi mtundu wonse.
Kutanthauzira konyenga kwayesanso kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja yophatikizidwa kuti ipange zomwe amapanga pankhaniyi. Pakadali pano, tidakali m'mbuyomu, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta kwa oyang'anira kapena omasulira malinga ndi zizolowezi za ntchito. Ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pomusintha njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwirira ntchito kogwiritsa ntchito kumafunikiranso kuwonera komanso kuwunika. Komabe, timakhulupirira kuti kusachita bwino kumeneku ndikofunikira.
7.
Pafupifupi 80% ya anyamata aku America amalozera kuperewera kwa talente. Kugulitsa, omasulira, ndi oyang'anira mapulogalamu a polojekiti pakati pa malo okhala ndi osowa kwambiri koma opaleshoni. Malipiro amakhalabe okhazikika, koma malo ogulitsa achuluka ndi 20% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, pomwe malo oyang'anira achepetsa ndi 8%. Kuzungulira kwa ntchito ndi ntchito yamakasitomala, komanso nzeru zanzeru komanso deta yayikulu, amawerengedwa kuti ndi maluso ofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito m'zaka zitatu zotsatira. Woyang'anira polojekiti ndiofala kwambiri, makampani ambiri amalemba ganyu woyang'anira. Ochepera 20% ya makampani akhama akatswiri / mapulogalamu opanga mapulogalamu.
Mkhalidwe ku China ndi wofanana. Pankhani ya ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse, zimakhala zovuta kuti makampani omasuliridwa asunge maluso abwino ogulitsa, makamaka omwe amamvetsetsa kupanga, msika, ndi kasitomala. Ngakhale titangobwereranso ndikunena kuti ntchito yathu ya kampani yathu imangopereka ndalama za makasitomala akale, si yankho limodzi. Kuti tithandizire bwino, tifunikanso kupirira mpikisano woyenera, nthawi yomweyo, kumvetsetsa bwino kwa ogwira ntchito kwa makasitomala (ndani angagwiritse ntchito zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo zida zosiyanasiyana).
Pankhani ya bizinesi yomasulira, imapezeka kuti idzapezeka kuti pakhala zikufunire kwambiri ku China zaka ziwiri zapitazi, monga kufunika kwa zinthu zomasulira zakunja kwa mabizinesi aku China kupita padziko lonse lapansi; Zambiri m'mazilankhulo zingapo zogwirizana zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kampaniyo; Maluso apadera m'matauni ofukula (ngati mumankhwala, masewera, ma Patent, ndi zina zofananira, komanso popanda kudziwitsa); Pali kuchepa konse kwa omasulira, koma ayenera kukhala osinthika mogwirizana ndi nthawi yautumiki (monga momwe amalipirira ola kapenanso pang'ono, m'malo mongoyambira tsiku loyambitsa). Chifukwa chake dipatimenti ya Omasulira Makampani omasulira akuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndikugwira ntchito yolumikizidwa kwambiri ku dipatimenti yabizinesi ndikufuna gulu logwiritsira ntchito kampani yomwe ikufanana ndi buku la kampani. Zachidziwikire, kugula zinthu kwachuma sikungokhala omasulira okha, komanso omasulira a Peer, monga tanena kale.
8. Kugulitsa ndi kutsatsa
Hubspot ndi LinkedIn ndiye zida zazikulu zogulitsa komanso zotsatsa za anzawo aku America. Mu 2022, makampani amagawa pafupifupi 7% ya ndalama zawo pachaka kuti azitsatsa.
Poyerekeza ndi izi, palibe zida zothandiza kwambiri ku China, ndipo LinkedIn sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku China. Njira zogulitsira ndi zongopeka kapena zoyeserera zodzigulitsa, ndipo pali magulu ochepa ogulitsa ambiri opangidwa. Kutembenuka kwa makasitomala ndi motalika kwambiri, ndipo kumvetsetsa ndi kasamalidwe ka mawu oti "malonda" omwe ali mu Boma Labwino Kwambiri, omwenso ndi chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
Potengera kutsatsa, pafupifupi mnzake akugwiranso ntchito akaunti yawo yapagulu, ndipo macherechinayi alinso ndi makanema awoawo. Nthawi yomweyo, Bilibili, XiaongSu, a Zhihu, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo malonda amtunduwu makamaka amakhala okhazikika; Mawu osakira ndi seo wa Baidu kapena Google amakonda kutembenuka mwachindunji, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, mtengo wamatembenuzidwe akufunsa wakhala akuwonjezeka. Kuphatikiza pa kukweza kwa injini zosaka, mtengo wa mankhwala ogulitsa omwe akulengeza kutsatsa kwachulukanso. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa mafunso womwe unayambitsidwa nditsatsa kuti ndi wotsatsa ndi wokhazikika malinga ndi gulu la porsom ya kasitomala, lomwe silothandiza. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, Anzanu ambiri apabanja asiya kutsatsa kwa injini ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zogulitsa zambiri pogulitsa.
Poyerekeza ndi makampani ku United States omwe amagwiritsa ntchito 7% ya ndalama zake pachaka pa malonda, makampani omasulira apakhomo amatenga zochepa m'derali. Chifukwa chachikulu chopendekera ndalama sizikudziwa kufunika kwake kapena kusadziwa momwe mungachitire bwino. Sizovuta kutsatsa zomwe zakhala kuti zikugulitsidwa kwa B2B zomasulira, ndipo zovuta zakutsatsa ndi zomwe zingasokere makasitomala.
9. Zina
1) Miyezo ndi kutsimikizika
Oposa theka la anzanu aku America amakhulupirira kuti chiphaso cha ISO chimathandiza kukhala wopikisana, koma sizofunikira. Muyezo wotchuka kwambiri wa ISO
Zochitika ku China ndikuti ntchito zokhudzana ndi mabizinesi ena zimafunikira iso9001, kotero ngati chisonyezo chovomerezeka, makampani ambiri omasulira amafunikirabe chitsimikizo. Poyerekeza ndi ena, Iso17100 ndi bhonasi, ndipo ena akunja ali ndi izi. Chifukwa chake, makampani omasulira adzaweruza ngati kuli kofunikira kuti atsimikizire izi. Nthawi yomweyo, palinso mgwirizano pakati pa China Kutanthauzira kwa China ndi gulu la chitsimikizo cha Chitsimikizo cha Chitsimikizo kuti mukhazikitse chitsimikizo (A-5A) kwa ntchito zomasulira ku China.
2) Chizindikiro Chowunikira
50% ya Anzanu aku America amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama ngati chizindikiro cha bizinesi, ndipo 28% ya makampani amagwiritsa ntchito phindu ngati chizindikiro cha bizinesi. Zisonyezo zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zomwe sizimagwiritsa ntchito makasitomala, makasitomala akale, mitengo yazogulitsa, kuchuluka kwa madongosolo / ntchito, ndi makasitomala atsopano. Mayankho a makasitomala ndi chizindikiro chowunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mtundu wake. Mkhalidwe ku China ndi wofanana.
3) Malangizo ndi malamulo
Miyezo yosinthidwa kuchokera ku bungwe laling'ono la America (SBA) lidzagwira ntchito mu Januware 2022. Phokoso la matembenuzidwe a kumasulira ndi matanthauzidwe akwezedwa kuchokera $ 8 miliyoni mpaka $ 22,5 miliyoni. Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono a SBA ali oyenera kulandira mwayi wogula kuchokera ku boma, amatenga nawo gawo pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana a bizinesi, mapulogalamu othandizira, komanso kukhala ndi mwayi wolumikizana ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Vutoli ku China ndi losiyana. Pali lingaliro la mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi micro ku China, ndipo chithandizo chimawonetsedwanso pamisonkho.
4) Chitetezo cha data ndi netiweki
Oposa 80% ya anzanu aku America amakhazikitsa mfundo ndi njira monga njira zopewa zochitika za cyber. Zoposa theka la makampani amayambitsa njira zodziwika bwino za mwambowu. Pafupifupi theka la makampani amawunikira zoyeserera ndi maudindo okhudzana ndi nyengo. Izi ndizolumikizana kwambiri kuposa makampani omasulira ambiri aku China.
Inde, mwachidule, mu lipoti la Alc, tawona mawu ofunikira kuchokera ku makampani aku America:
1. Kukula
Mu 2023, kukumana ndi zovuta zachuma, makampani ogwirira ntchito a chilankhulo ku United States adakali aumizinda mwamphamvu, makampani ambiri akukwaniritsa kukula ndi ndalama zokhazikika. Komabe, malo omwe akupezekapo amabweretsa zovuta zambiri pakupindula kwa makampani. "Kukula" kumangoyang'ana makampani antchito ogwira ntchito mu 2023, kuwonetsedwa popititsa patsogolo magulu ogulitsa ndikutha kukonza zowonjezera zomwe omasulira ndi omasulira. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizika ndi kupeza mu malonda m'makampani kumakhala kokhazikika, makamaka chifukwa cha chiyembekezo cholowa m'minda yatsopano yopingasa ndi misika yamadera.
2. Mtengo
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito kumakuchulukirachulukira, kugulitsa antchito kwawo kunabweretsa zovuta zina zoonekera; Oyimira ogulitsa bwino komanso oyang'anira polojekiti ali osapeza. Pakadali pano, kukakamizidwa kwa ndalama zowongolera kumapangitsa kuti omasulira aluso abwerere kumamitundu abwino.
3. Tekinoloje
Fufuzani za kusintha kwaukadaulo kumatha kukonzanso malo ogulitsa a chilankhulo, ndipo mabizinesi enanso omwe akukumana ndi zinthu zina mwaluso ndi anzeru: Kodi mungaphatikize bwanji luso latsopanolo la luntha lopanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana? Kodi mungaphatikize bwanji zida zatsopano? Makampani ena ang'onoang'ono akukhudzidwa ngati atha kusintha njira. Komabe, ogwira nawo ntchito ku United States ali ndi malingaliro abwino paukadaulo watsopano ndikukhulupirira kuti makampani amatha kusintha malo atsopano aukadaulo.
4..
Makina ogwiritsira ntchito makasitomala ndi "gawo la" Center "ndi mutu wonena mobwerezabwereza ndi America. Kutha kusintha mayankho a zilankhulo ndi njira zotengera zosowa za kasitomala kumawerengedwa kuti ndi luso lofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito m'makampani ogulitsa chilankhulo.
Mawu omwe ali pamwambapa amagwiranso ntchito ku China. Makampani omwe ali ndi "kukula" kwa lipoti la Alc siali pakati pa 500000 ndi madola 1 miliyoni monga bizinesi yaying'ono yokhala ndi ndalama zomasulira, ndikuti bizinesi yomasulira yanyumba yaposachedwa, ikuwonetsa Mateyu. Kuchokera panjira imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa ndalama kukufunikabe. Pankhani ya mtengo, makampani omasulira omwe adagula kale mitengo yopanga zopanga zopanga zomwe zinali zomasulira pamanja, zowerengera, kapena pemt. Komabe, pofuna kungofuna mtundu womwe Pemt amagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mtundu womasulira, momwe mungasinthire ntchito yopanga omasulira (yofunika kwambiri)
Potengera ukadaulo, anzanu akunyumba nawonso amathandiziranso ukadaulo ndikusintha zina ndi njira zopangira. Pankhani ya Kuzungulira, kaya matembenuzidwe a Stratchina kumangokhala ndi ubale wamphamvu wamakasitomala kapena umadalira kudzitukumula kwa mtundu wonse, kuwongolera kwa mtundu, kukonzanso kwa ntchito, ndipo makasitomala amafunafuna. Chizindikiro chowunika kuti chabwino ndi "mayankho a makasitomala", m'malo mokhulupirira kuti "njira yathunthu yopanga ndi yapamwamba yaperekedwa". Nthawi zonse pamene pali chisokonezo, kumatuluka, kumayandikira makasitomala, komanso kumvera mawu awo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kasamalidwe kasitomala.
Ngakhale kuti chaka cha 2022 chinali chaka chachikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha mliri wa nyumbayo, makampani ambiri omasuliridwabe ndi omwe amakwaniritsidwa. 2023 ndi chaka choyamba mutachira mliri. Malo osokoneza andale komanso azachuma, komanso zovuta zambiri za ukadaulo wa Ai ukadaulo, zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri pakukula ndi phindu la makampani otanthauzira. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ukadaulo kuti muchepetse ndalama ndi kuchuluka? Kodi mungapambane bwanji pampikisano wowonjezereka? Kodi kungoyang'ana kwa makasitomala ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo zam'manja, makamaka kuntchito kwa mabizinesi aku China m'zaka zaposachedwa, pomwe makope awo akunyozedwa? Makampani omasulira achi China akuganiza bwino ndikutsatira izi. Kupatula kusiyanasiyana kwa mikhalidwe yadziko, titha kupeza maumboni ena othandiza kuchokera kwa abwenzi athu aku America mu 2023Alc Fanizo.
Nkhaniyi imaperekedwa ndi MS. Sung (General Manager of Shanghai Kuphatikizachi Kutembenuzira Kutanthauzira Co., Ltd.)
Post Nthawi: Feb-01-2024